Динамические таблицы — Практические решения в SAP

Иногда возникает необходимость работать с динамическими таблицами, т.е с таблицами, столбцы которых определяются в зависимости от каких-либо данных.

Например, нужно выводить только те МВЗ, на которых были затраты определенного вида. Остальные МВЗ не нужны.

Работа c динамической таблицей состоит из следующих этапов:

Определение перечня столбцов динамической таблицы
Создание таблицы
Заполнение таблицы данными
Вывод таблицы в ALV

Расмотрим каждый шаг по отдельности.

Определение перечня столбцов динамической таблицы.

Прежде всего заполняем таблицу gt_cols перечнем столбцов, которые будут создаваться динамически. Это может быть по результатам выбранных данных.

Затем в build_fc заполняем таблицу gt_dyn_fcat , где перечисляем статические столбцы ( в примере это LINE и динамические — из таблицы gt_cols.

" Таблица с перечнем столбцов. Заполняется по результатам собранных данных
TYPES: BEGIN OF ts_cols,
         name TYPE char16,
         caption TYPE char16,
       END OF ts_cols.
DATA: gt_cols TYPE TABLE OF ts_cols.

" Таблица со столбцами для формирования
DATA: gt_dyn_fcat TYPE lvc_t_fcat.

FORM build_fc.
  DATA: ls_fcat LIKE LINE OF gt_dyn_fcat,
        ls_cols LIKE LINE OF gt_cols,
        lv_pos TYPE i VALUE 0.

  REFRESH gt_dyn_fcat.
  lv_pos = lv_pos + 1.
  ls_fcat-fieldname = 'LINE'.
  ls_fcat-coltext   = 'N'.
  ls_fcat-col_pos   = lv_pos.
  ls_fcat-key = 'X'.
  APPEND ls_fcat TO gt_dyn_fcat.
  CLEAR ls_fcat.

  LOOP AT gt_cols INTO ls_cols.
    lv_pos = lv_pos + 1.
    ls_fcat-fieldname = ls_cols-name.
    ls_fcat-coltext   = ls_cols-caption.
    ls_fcat-col_pos   = lv_pos.
    ls_fcat-scrtext_s = ls_cols-caption.
    ls_fcat-scrtext_l = ls_cols-caption.

    APPEND ls_fcat TO gt_dyn_fcat.
    CLEAR ls_fcat.
  ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.

" Таблица с перечнем столбцов. Заполняется по результатам собранных данных

TYPES: BEGIN OF ts_cols,

name TYPE char16,

caption TYPE char16,

END OF ts_cols.

DATA: gt_cols TYPE TABLE OF ts_cols.

" Таблица со столбцами для формирования

DATA: gt_dyn_fcat TYPE lvc_t_fcat.

FORM build_fc.

DATA: ls_fcat LIKE LINE OF gt_dyn_fcat,

ls_cols LIKE LINE OF gt_cols,

lv_pos TYPE i VALUE 0.

REFRESH gt_dyn_fcat.

lv_pos = lv_pos + 1.

ls_fcat-fieldname = 'LINE'.

ls_fcat-coltext = 'N'.

ls_fcat-col_pos = lv_pos.

ls_fcat-key = 'X'.

APPEND ls_fcat TO gt_dyn_fcat.

CLEAR ls_fcat.

LOOP AT gt_cols INTO ls_cols.

lv_pos = lv_pos + 1.

ls_fcat-fieldname = ls_cols-name.

ls_fcat-coltext = ls_cols-caption.

ls_fcat-col_pos = lv_pos.

ls_fcat-scrtext_s = ls_cols-caption.

ls_fcat-scrtext_l = ls_cols-caption.

APPEND ls_fcat TO gt_dyn_fcat.

CLEAR ls_fcat.

ENDLOOP.

ENDFORM.

2. Создание динамической таблицы.

Для создания таблицы воспользуемся методом create_dynamic_table класса cl_alv_table_create.

DATA : gt_dyn_table TYPE REF TO data,
       gs_line      TYPE REF TO data,
       gs_line1     TYPE REF TO data.

  CALL METHOD cl_alv_table_create=>create_dynamic_table
    EXPORTING
      i_style_table             = 'X'
      it_fieldcatalog           = gt_dyn_fcat
    IMPORTING
      ep_table                  = gt_dyn_table
    EXCEPTIONS
      generate_subpool_dir_full = 1
      OTHERS                    = 2.

  IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
    ASSIGN gt_dyn_table->* TO <gfs_dyn_table>.
    CREATE DATA gs_line LIKE LINE OF <gfs_dyn_table>.
    CREATE DATA gs_line1 LIKE LINE OF <gfs_dyn_table>.
    ASSIGN gs_line->* TO <gfs_line>.
  ENDIF.

DATA : gt_dyn_table TYPE REF TO data,

gs_line TYPE REF TO data,

gs_line1 TYPE REF TO data.

CALL METHOD cl_alv_table_create=>create_dynamic_table

EXPORTING

i_style_table = 'X'

it_fieldcatalog = gt_dyn_fcat

IMPORTING

ep_table = gt_dyn_table

EXCEPTIONS

generate_subpool_dir_full = 1

OTHERS = 2.

IF sy-subrc EQ 0.

ASSIGN gt_dyn_table->* TO <gfs_dyn_table>.

CREATE DATA gs_line LIKE LINE OF <gfs_dyn_table>.

CREATE DATA gs_line1 LIKE LINE OF <gfs_dyn_table>.

ASSIGN gs_line->* TO <gfs_line>.

ENDIF.

3. Заполнение динамической таблицы

Конечно же вся работа с динамическими таблицами будет выполняться через FIELD-SYMBOLS. Прежде чем добавить в таблицу новую строку необходимо назначить <fs> на нужный столбец структуры и поместить нужное значение. Заполнив всю строку можно добавить структуру в таблицу

FORM fill_table.
  DATA: ls_cols LIKE LINE OF gt_cols,
        lv_line TYPE char3.
    FIELD-SYMBOLS: <fs1>.

  lv_line = '010'.
  ASSIGN COMPONENT 'LINE' OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.
  <fs1> = lv_line.
  LOOP AT gt_cols INTO ls_cols.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT ls_cols-name OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.
    <fs1> = lv_line && ls_cols-caption.
  ENDLOOP.
  APPEND <gfs_line> TO <gfs_dyn_table>.


  lv_line = '020'.
  ASSIGN COMPONENT 'LINE' OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.
  <fs1> = lv_line.
  LOOP AT gt_cols INTO ls_cols.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT ls_cols-name OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.
    <fs1> = lv_line && ls_cols-caption.
  ENDLOOP.
  APPEND <gfs_line> TO <gfs_dyn_table>.

ENDFORM.                    "fill_table

FORM fill_table.

DATA: ls_cols LIKE LINE OF gt_cols,

lv_line TYPE char3.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <fs1>.

lv_line = '010'.

ASSIGN COMPONENT 'LINE' OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.

<fs1> = lv_line.

LOOP AT gt_cols INTO ls_cols.

ASSIGN COMPONENT ls_cols-name OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.

<fs1> = lv_line && ls_cols-caption.

ENDLOOP.

APPEND <gfs_line> TO <gfs_dyn_table>.

lv_line = '020'.

ASSIGN COMPONENT 'LINE' OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.

<fs1> = lv_line.

LOOP AT gt_cols INTO ls_cols.

ASSIGN COMPONENT ls_cols-name OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.

<fs1> = lv_line && ls_cols-caption.

ENDLOOP.

APPEND <gfs_line> TO <gfs_dyn_table>.

ENDFORM. "fill_table

4. Вывод динамической таблицы в ALV

В этом примере вывод содержимого таблицы осуществим обычным методом REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY_LVC

  DATA: ls_layout TYPE lvc_s_layo.

  ls_layout-zebra = 'X'.

  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY_LVC'
    EXPORTING
      i_callback_program       = sy-repid
      is_layout_lvc            = ls_layout
      it_fieldcat_lvc          = gt_dyn_fcat
      i_save                   = 'X'
    TABLES
      t_outtab                 = <gfs_dyn_table>
    EXCEPTIONS
      program_error            = 1
      OTHERS                   = 2.

DATA: ls_layout TYPE lvc_s_layo.

ls_layout-zebra = 'X'.

CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY_LVC'

EXPORTING

i_callback_program = sy-repid

is_layout_lvc = ls_layout

it_fieldcat_lvc = gt_dyn_fcat

i_save = 'X'

TABLES

t_outtab = <gfs_dyn_table>

EXCEPTIONS

program_error = 1

OTHERS = 2.

Полный текст программы :

REPORT zzz.

TYPE-POOLS : slis.
DATA : gw_dyn_fcat TYPE lvc_s_fcat,
       gt_dyn_fcat TYPE lvc_t_fcat.

DATA : gt_dyn_table TYPE REF TO data,
       gs_line      TYPE REF TO data.

TYPES: BEGIN OF ts_cols,
         name TYPE char16,
         caption TYPE char16,
       END OF ts_cols.
DATA: gt_cols TYPE TABLE OF ts_cols.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <gfs_line>,
               <gfs_dyn_table> TYPE STANDARD TABLE.


START-OF-SELECTION.
  "фиктивное заполнение данных
  PERFORM sel_data.
  "Определение перечня столбцов динамической таблицы
  PERFORM build_fc.

  "Создание динамической таблицы
  PERFORM create_table.

  "Заполнение динамической таблицы
  PERFORM fill_table.

  "Вывод динамической таблицы в ALV
  PERFORM alv.


*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  sel_data
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM sel_data.
  DATA: ls_cols TYPE ts_cols.
  ls_cols-name = 'COL1'.
  ls_cols-caption = 'Столбец 1'.
  APPEND ls_cols TO gt_cols.

  ls_cols-name = 'COL2'.
  ls_cols-caption = 'Столбец 2'.
  APPEND ls_cols TO gt_cols.

ENDFORM.                    "sel_data

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  build_fc
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM build_fc.
  DATA: ls_fcat LIKE LINE OF gt_dyn_fcat,
        ls_cols LIKE LINE OF gt_cols,
        lv_pos TYPE i VALUE 0.

  REFRESH gt_dyn_fcat.
  lv_pos = lv_pos + 1.
  ls_fcat-fieldname = 'LINE'.
  ls_fcat-outputlen = 3.
  ls_fcat-coltext   = 'N'.
  ls_fcat-col_pos   = lv_pos.
  ls_fcat-key = 'X'.
  "  ls_fcat-no_out = 'X'.
  APPEND ls_fcat TO gt_dyn_fcat.
  CLEAR ls_fcat.

  LOOP AT gt_cols INTO ls_cols.
    lv_pos = lv_pos + 1.
    ls_fcat-fieldname = ls_cols-name.
    ls_fcat-outputlen = 16.
    ls_fcat-coltext   = ls_cols-caption.
    ls_fcat-col_pos   = lv_pos.

    ls_fcat-scrtext_s = ls_cols-caption.
    ls_fcat-scrtext_l = ls_cols-caption.

    APPEND ls_fcat TO gt_dyn_fcat.
    CLEAR ls_fcat.

  ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.                    "build_fc


*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  fill_table
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM fill_table.
  DATA: ls_cols LIKE LINE OF gt_cols,
        lv_line TYPE char3.
  FIELD-SYMBOLS: <fs1>.

  lv_line = '010'.
  ASSIGN COMPONENT 'LINE' OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.
  <fs1> = lv_line.
  LOOP AT gt_cols INTO ls_cols.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT ls_cols-name OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.
    <fs1> = lv_line && ':' && ls_cols-caption.
  ENDLOOP.
  APPEND <gfs_line> TO <gfs_dyn_table>.


  lv_line = '020'.
  ASSIGN COMPONENT 'LINE' OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.
  <fs1> = lv_line.
  LOOP AT gt_cols INTO ls_cols.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT ls_cols-name OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.
    <fs1> = lv_line && ':' && ls_cols-caption.
  ENDLOOP.
  APPEND <gfs_line> TO <gfs_dyn_table>.


*  UNASSIGN <fs1>.

ENDFORM.                    "fill_table


*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  create_table
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM create_table.
  CALL METHOD cl_alv_table_create=>create_dynamic_table
    EXPORTING
      i_style_table             = 'X'
      it_fieldcatalog           = gt_dyn_fcat
    IMPORTING
      ep_table                  = gt_dyn_table
    EXCEPTIONS
      generate_subpool_dir_full = 1
      OTHERS                    = 2.

  IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
    ASSIGN gt_dyn_table->* TO <gfs_dyn_table>.
    CREATE DATA gs_line LIKE LINE OF <gfs_dyn_table>.
    ASSIGN gs_line->* TO <gfs_line>.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.                    "create_table

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  alv
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM alv.
  DATA: ls_layout TYPE lvc_s_layo.


  ls_layout-zebra = 'X'.

  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY_LVC'
    EXPORTING
      i_callback_program       = sy-repid
      is_layout_lvc            = ls_layout
      it_fieldcat_lvc          = gt_dyn_fcat
      i_save                   = 'X'
    TABLES
      t_outtab                 = <gfs_dyn_table>
    EXCEPTIONS
      program_error            = 1
      OTHERS                   = 2.
ENDFORM.                    "alv

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

REPORT zzz.

TYPE-POOLS : slis.

DATA : gw_dyn_fcat TYPE lvc_s_fcat,

gt_dyn_fcat TYPE lvc_t_fcat.

DATA : gt_dyn_table TYPE REF TO data,

gs_line TYPE REF TO data.

TYPES: BEGIN OF ts_cols,

name TYPE char16,

caption TYPE char16,

END OF ts_cols.

DATA: gt_cols TYPE TABLE OF ts_cols.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <gfs_line>,

<gfs_dyn_table> TYPE STANDARD TABLE.

START-OF-SELECTION.

"фиктивное заполнение данных

PERFORM sel_data.

"Определение перечня столбцов динамической таблицы

PERFORM build_fc.

"Создание динамической таблицы

PERFORM create_table.

"Заполнение динамической таблицы

PERFORM fill_table.

"Вывод динамической таблицы в ALV

PERFORM alv.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form sel_data

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

* text

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*

FORM sel_data.

DATA: ls_cols TYPE ts_cols.

ls_cols-name = 'COL1'.

ls_cols-caption = 'Столбец 1'.

APPEND ls_cols TO gt_cols.

ls_cols-name = 'COL2'.

ls_cols-caption = 'Столбец 2'.

APPEND ls_cols TO gt_cols.

ENDFORM. "sel_data

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form build_fc

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

* text

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*

FORM build_fc.

DATA: ls_fcat LIKE LINE OF gt_dyn_fcat,

ls_cols LIKE LINE OF gt_cols,

lv_pos TYPE i VALUE 0.

REFRESH gt_dyn_fcat.

lv_pos = lv_pos + 1.

ls_fcat-fieldname = 'LINE'.

ls_fcat-outputlen = 3.

ls_fcat-coltext = 'N'.

ls_fcat-col_pos = lv_pos.

ls_fcat-key = 'X'.

" ls_fcat-no_out = 'X'.

APPEND ls_fcat TO gt_dyn_fcat.

CLEAR ls_fcat.

LOOP AT gt_cols INTO ls_cols.

lv_pos = lv_pos + 1.

ls_fcat-fieldname = ls_cols-name.

ls_fcat-outputlen = 16.

ls_fcat-coltext = ls_cols-caption.

ls_fcat-col_pos = lv_pos.

ls_fcat-scrtext_s = ls_cols-caption.

ls_fcat-scrtext_l = ls_cols-caption.

APPEND ls_fcat TO gt_dyn_fcat.

CLEAR ls_fcat.

ENDLOOP.

ENDFORM. "build_fc

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form fill_table

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

* text

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*

FORM fill_table.

DATA: ls_cols LIKE LINE OF gt_cols,

lv_line TYPE char3.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <fs1>.

lv_line = '010'.

ASSIGN COMPONENT 'LINE' OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.

<fs1> = lv_line.

LOOP AT gt_cols INTO ls_cols.

ASSIGN COMPONENT ls_cols-name OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.

<fs1> = lv_line && ':' && ls_cols-caption.

ENDLOOP.

APPEND <gfs_line> TO <gfs_dyn_table>.

lv_line = '020'.

ASSIGN COMPONENT 'LINE' OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.

<fs1> = lv_line.

LOOP AT gt_cols INTO ls_cols.

ASSIGN COMPONENT ls_cols-name OF STRUCTURE <gfs_line> TO <fs1>.

<fs1> = lv_line && ':' && ls_cols-caption.

ENDLOOP.

APPEND <gfs_line> TO <gfs_dyn_table>.

* UNASSIGN <fs1>.

ENDFORM. "fill_table

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form create_table

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

* text

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*

FORM create_table.

CALL METHOD cl_alv_table_create=>create_dynamic_table

EXPORTING

i_style_table = 'X'

it_fieldcatalog = gt_dyn_fcat

IMPORTING

ep_table = gt_dyn_table

EXCEPTIONS

generate_subpool_dir_full = 1

OTHERS = 2.

IF sy-subrc EQ 0.

ASSIGN gt_dyn_table->* TO <gfs_dyn_table>.

CREATE DATA gs_line LIKE LINE OF <gfs_dyn_table>.

ASSIGN gs_line->* TO <gfs_line>.

ENDIF.

ENDFORM. "create_table

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form alv

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

* text

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*

FORM alv.

DATA: ls_layout TYPE lvc_s_layo.

ls_layout-zebra = 'X'.

CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY_LVC'

EXPORTING

i_callback_program = sy-repid

is_layout_lvc = ls_layout

it_fieldcat_lvc = gt_dyn_fcat

i_save = 'X'

TABLES

t_outtab = <gfs_dyn_table>

EXCEPTIONS

program_error = 1

OTHERS = 2.

ENDFORM. "alv

Добавить комментарий Отменить ответ